Selection and accumulation of an HIV-1 escape mutant by three types of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognizing wild-type and/or escape mutant epitopes.

Selection and accumulation of an HIV - 1 escape mutant by three 1 types of HIV - 1 - specific CTLs recognizing wild - type and / or 2 escape mutant epitopes 3 4

Different abilities of escape mutant-specific cytotoxic T cells to suppress replication of escape mutant and wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in new hosts.

There is much evidence that in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune pressure results in the selection of HIV-1 mutants that have escaped from wild-type-specific CTLs. If escape mutant-specific CTLs are not elicited in new hosts sharing donor HLA molecules, the transmission of these mutants results in the accumulati...

Rapid viral escape at an immunodominant simian-human immunodeficiency virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope exacts a dramatic fitness cost.

Escape from specific T-cell responses contributes to the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. T-cell escape viral variants are retained following HIV-1 transmission between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched individuals. However, reversion to wild type can occur following transmission to MHC-mismatched hosts in the absence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (...

Computational Inference Methods for HIV-1 Selective Sweeps Shaped by Early Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in shaping HIV-1 infection. In particular, during the first weeks of infection, CTLs select for multiple escape mutations in the infecting HIV population. In recent years, methods have been developed that use intra-patient escape mutation data to estimate rates of escape from CTL selection. The resultant escape rate estimates have been used ...

Quantification of simian immunodeficiency virus cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutant viruses.

Escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) pressure is common in HIV-1 infection of humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections of macaques. CTL escape typically incurs a fitness cost as reversion back to wild-type can occur upon transmission. We utilized sequence-specific primers and DNA probes with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to sensitively and specifically track wil...